The backhoe device is mainly used to excavate the soil below the stop surface. Small and medium-sized hydraulic excavators with a bucket capacity of less than 1.6m³ usually use a backhoe device. The backhoe device can be divided into integral arm type and combined arm type. Most of the backhoe devices used for excavators with similar long-term operating conditions adopt the integral gooseneck boom structure. The use of this boom is beneficial to increase the digging depth, and the structure is simple and inexpensive; when the rigidity is the same, its weight is relatively low. The combined boom is light. The combined arm type working device is used in environments with variable working conditions. The integral gooseneck type boom backhoe device is mainly composed of a boom, a boom cylinder, a stick, a stick cylinder, a bucket, a bucket cylinder, a rocker connecting rod, and related pipes and pins.

All components of this backhoe device are hingedly connected by pin shafts, and various actions in the excavation process are realized by the expansion and contraction of the oil cylinder. The lower hinge point of the boom is hinged with the upper platform, and the boom cylinder is used to support and change the inclination of the boom. Through the expansion and contraction of the boom cylinder, the boom can be rotated around the lower hinge point to realize the lifting and lowering of the boom. The stick is hinged on the upper end of the boom, and the relative angle of the stick and the boom is controlled by the stick cylinder. When the stick cylinder expands and contracts, the stick can rotate around the hinge point on the boom. The bucket is hinged with the front end of the stick, and the bucket rotates through the expansion and contraction of the bucket cylinder. In order to increase the turning angle of the bucket, a rocker link mechanism is usually used to connect with the bucket.